In what scenarios is the "double effect" principle typically applied?

The "double effect" principle is typically applied in scenarios where an action leads to both good and bad effects. This ethical framework allows for considering the moral implications of an action that, while having a positive intention or outcome, may also result in unintended negative consequences. The principle is particularly relevant in situations where a person must choose to take an action that could have harmful side effects, and it permits the action if the bad effect is not intended, the good effect is significant, and there is a proportionate reason for allowing the harm to occur.

In contrast, the other scenarios don't align with the application of the double effect. For example, the principle is not concerned with morally clear-cut situations, as it specifically addresses the complexity of mixed outcomes. It also does not apply when harm is intentionally sought alongside positive outcomes, because the double effect stipulates that harm should not be the intended outcome of the action. Lastly, while ethical standards can inform decisions, the double effect principle itself is more focused on evaluating actions that have mixed results rather than determining obligatory ethical standards outright.