In which philosophy is the attainment of happiness through avoidance of pain emphasized?

Hedonism is the philosophy that places a strong emphasis on the pursuit of pleasure as the highest good, arguing that happiness is achieved by seeking pleasure and avoiding pain. Central to hedonism is the idea that experiences that bring joy or satisfaction should be maximized, while those that lead to discomfort or suffering should be minimized. This approach to ethics and life suggests that the ultimate goal of human existence is to attain a state of pleasure and contentment, with pain as a significant counterpoint to be evaded.

Utilitarianism, while related in its focus on pleasure and pain, specifically emphasizes the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people, which incorporates a broader community aspect rather than individual happiness alone. Natural Law Theory focuses more on human nature and moral laws inherent in the world, rather than the quantitative pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain. Stoicism teaches the importance of self-control and rationality, encouraging individuals to find peace of mind regardless of external circumstances, rather than an emphasis on the pursuit or avoidance of pleasure and pain.