What discipline involves the analysis of morality through reasoning, rules, and logic?

The discipline that involves the analysis of morality through reasoning, rules, and logic is ethics. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that systematically explores concepts of right and wrong, virtue and vice, and the human conduct that arises from moral principles. It emphasizes critical reasoning to evaluate moral dilemmas, to develop norms that guide behavior, and to articulate rational arguments for why certain actions are deemed morally acceptable or unacceptable.

Ethics incorporates various approaches, such as deontological ethics, which focuses on adherence to rules; consequentialism, which considers the outcomes of actions; and virtue ethics, which looks at the character of the moral agent. In essence, ethics enables individuals and societies to articulate moral standards and reason through ethical questions and dilemmas critically.

In contrast, other options do not specifically pertain to the structured analysis of morality. Cosmogony refers to theories about the origin of the universe and does not concentrate on moral values. Dialectic is a method of reasoning and discourse but is not confined to moral analysis. Sophistry involves persuasive speech often associated with deceit or fallacious reasoning, which diverges from the genuine moral inquiry that ethics seeks to engage in. Thus, ethics is the most accurate and relevant discipline associated with the analysis of morality through reasoning, rules