What ethical theory focuses on the consequences of actions to determine right and wrong?

The ethical theory that focuses on the consequences of actions to determine what is right and wrong is utilitarianism. This approach evaluates the morality of an action based on its outcomes, specifically aiming to maximize overall happiness or utility for the greatest number of people. Utilitarianism posits that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its effectiveness in creating positive results or minimizing harm, which distinguishes it from other ethical theories that may consider different factors, such as intentions or adherence to rules.

In contrast, deontology emphasizes the importance of adherence to moral duties or rules, regardless of the outcome. Virtue ethics centers on the character traits of the moral agent, focusing on what constitutes a virtuous person rather than the consequences of specific actions. Ethical relativism suggests that moral standards are culturally based and subjective, differing from the objective assessment of outcomes that utilitarianism relies on.

Understanding utilitarianism is crucial as it provides a practical framework for decision-making by advocating for actions that enhance overall well-being.