What is the categorical imperative according to Kant?

The categorical imperative is a foundational concept in Kantian ethics and is best described by the notion that one should act only according to maxims that can be willed as universal laws. This idea reflects Kant's belief that moral obligations are not contingent on individual desires or outcomes but are instead rooted in rationality and universalizability.

Kant posited that for an action to be moral, the principle behind it should be applicable to everyone without contradiction. This means that if one were to will their action as a universal law—meaning everyone could act in the same way in similar situations—then the action is deemed morally permissible. This creates a framework where moral decisions are made based on principles that can be universally accepted, fostering a sense of fairness and duty.

Understanding this concept helps emphasize Kant's focus on intention and the inherent worth of rational agents. It shifts the perspective from seeking outcomes (like happiness or cultural norms) to adhering to universal moral principles that treat individuals with respect and dignity.