What key idea underpins consequentialist theories?

Consequentialist theories are centered around the premise that the morality of an action is determined by its outcomes or consequences. This approach asserts that the rightness or wrongness of actions is evaluated based on the results they produce rather than any intrinsic qualities of the actions themselves or adherence to traditional norms. For instance, in utilitarianism, a prominent consequentialist theory, an action is considered morally right if it results in the greatest good for the greatest number.

This focus on outcomes means that a morally acceptable action can vary depending on the context and the consequences it yields. Thus, the key idea that underpins consequentialist theories is indeed the evaluation of actions based on their results or consequences. This distinct perspective sets consequentialism apart from other ethical frameworks that prioritize rules, intentions, or traditions over the actual effects of actions.