Which ethical approach focuses primarily on rules and rationality?

The ethical approach that focuses primarily on rules and rationality is indeed Justice Ethics. This framework emphasizes fairness, rights, and the importance of adhering to established rules and principles when evaluating moral dilemmas. Justice Ethics seeks to ensure that individuals are treated equitably and that decisions are made based on universally applicable principles rather than personal feelings or outcomes.

Justice Ethics is often associated with the social contract theory, which posits that moral and ethical standards arise from agreements among individuals to form a society. This approach prioritizes rationality, as it relies on logical reasoning to analyze rules, laws, and the implications of actions within a societal context. By focusing on impartiality and consistency, Justice Ethics aims to create a fair system that upholds individual rights and responsibilities.

In contrast, Care Ethics emphasizes relationships and the moral significance of caring for others, Virtue Ethics centers on the character and virtues of the moral agent rather than rules or consequences, and Consequentialism assesses the morality of an action based on the outcomes it produces. Each of these approaches has its own merits, but Justice Ethics distinctly prioritizes rules and rationality in ethical decision-making.