Which of the following is NOT a teaching typically found in the Enchiridion?

The correct answer is focused on the principle of seeking pleasure above all, which is not a teaching typically found in the Enchiridion, a work by the Stoic philosopher Epictetus. The Enchiridion emphasizes the importance of rational thought, acceptance of life’s uncertainties, and self-control, all of which are central tenets of Stoic philosophy.

Rational thought is stressed as a means of understanding and navigating life’s challenges, allowing individuals to respond to events with reason rather than reactive emotions. Acceptance of life’s uncertainties aligns with the Stoic view that one should not be overly concerned with things beyond their control, promoting resilience and emotional strength. Additionally, self-control is a key virtue in Stoicism, wherein individuals are encouraged to master their desires and impulses rather than being governed by them.

In contrast, the pursuit of pleasure above all contradicts Stoic teachings, which hold that ethical living and virtue are far more important than the pursuit of immediate gratification or sensual pleasure. Stoics believe that true happiness comes from living in accordance with virtue and reason rather than from the fleeting satisfaction of desires. Therefore, this choice reflects a misunderstanding of the core principles upheld in the Enchiridion.