Which philosopher believed that humans are corrupted by society and that power rests in the citizens' general will?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that humans are inherently good but become corrupted by the influences of society. He believed that genuine morality arises from the collective will of the people, which he referred to as the "general will." Rousseau posited that a just society is one where individuals prioritize the common good over their personal interests, as expressed through this general will. This perspective highlights his view on democracy and civic freedom, asserting that true authority comes from the people collectively, rather than imposed by a distant ruler or an elite class.

In contrast, the other philosophers do not share Rousseau's specific views on the corruption of humanity by society or the concept of general will. John Rawls focuses more on principles of justice and fairness in societal structures, while Robert Nozick champions individual rights and minimal state intervention, emphasizing the importance of personal liberty. Immanuel Kant, although concerned with moral philosophy and ethics, approached human nature and ethical considerations from a rationalist perspective rather than in the context of societal corruption. Rousseau's unique focus on the interplay between the individual and society is pivotal in understanding his contribution to political philosophy.