Which philosopher emphasized the importance of autonomy in moral decision-making?

The philosopher who emphasized the importance of autonomy in moral decision-making is Immanuel Kant. Kant's ethical theory is grounded in the concept of the categorical imperative, which posits that moral actions must be based on universal principles that can be applied to all rational beings. For Kant, autonomy refers to the capacity of individuals to govern themselves and make their own choices based on reason rather than being subjected to external influences.

Autonomy, in Kantian ethics, is integral because it allows individuals to act according to their rational will and moral law, which is determined through reason. This personal autonomy ensures that moral agents are capable of discernment and critical thinking in ethical matters, which is essential for moral responsibility. Kant believed that true moral actions stem from an individual's ability to choose freely and rationally, highlighting that moral behavior is linked to the respect for one's own capacity for self-governance.

In contrast, other philosophers like Nel Noddings focus on relational ethics and care rather than individual autonomy, while Plato emphasizes ideals such as justice and the role of the philosopher-king. David Hume's perspective centers more on emotions and sentiments than on the autonomous reasoning that Kant champions. Therefore, Kant's strong advocacy for autonomy in moral decision-making distinguishes his approach from those of