Who is considered the primary figure in virtue ethics?

The primary figure in virtue ethics is Aristotle, who is renowned for his work in this area, particularly in his seminal text, "Nicomachean Ethics." Aristotle's virtue ethics emphasizes the importance of developing good character traits, known as virtues, which enable individuals to achieve eudaimonia, often translated as “flourishing” or “the good life.”

Aristotle argues that virtues are habits or dispositions that involve choosing the mean between extremes of deficiency and excess concerning our actions and feelings. He believed that ethical behavior arises from the practice of these virtues, cultivated through habituation and reflection. This approach contrasts with other ethical frameworks that focus on the morality of specific actions or adherence to universal rules.

By positioning character and virtue at the heart of ethical considerations, Aristotle set the foundation for virtue ethics that many philosophers continue to explore and build upon today. His ideas have significantly influenced both ancient and modern understandings of morality and ethics, making him the foremost figure associated with this philosophical tradition.