Who is noted for their belief in the magic of numbers and the concept of reincarnation?

Pythagoras is renowned for his belief in the significance of numbers and their mystical properties, often referred to as the "magic of numbers." He founded a philosophical school that explored mathematics not just as a practical tool, but as a means of understanding the universe and existence itself. This belief is reflected in his view that numbers are fundamental to all reality, forming the basis of harmony in the cosmos.

In addition to his numerical mysticism, Pythagoras is also associated with the idea of reincarnation, holding the belief that the soul is immortal and undergoes a cycle of rebirths. This view emphasizes that a person's actions and experiences in one life impact their future existences. Such concepts are central to Pythagorean thought and contribute to their spiritual and ethical framework.

The other individuals mentioned, while significant in their own right, do not share this specific combination of beliefs regarding the magic of numbers and reincarnation. Socrates focused primarily on ethics and the examination of virtue; Thucydides is best known for his historical writings; and Plato, although he was influenced by Pythagorean thought, is more associated with his theory of forms and idealism.